Microorganisms in the intestine can have multifaceted effects on the health and productivity of animals and birds. The advancement in DNA sequencing technology has enabled scientists to study these microorganisms and their effects on unprecedented depth and scale. This resulted in thousands of studies about intestinal microbiota (term to describe all microorganisms in an environment) and their role. This led to hundreds of commercial animal supplements with claims to positively modify intestinal microbiota to improve health and productivity. However, a depth of knowledge and skills is required to correctly analyse and interpret the sequencing data. There are several limitations and complexities in analysing such data and misrepresentation and misinterpretation of such data is common.
Scientists from the Institute for Future Farming System, Central Queensland University Australia have recently published a review entitled “the role of microbiota in animal health and productivity: misinterpretations and limitations” in the journal “Animal Production Science”. This review is focused
on the issues and challenges regarding the analysis and interpretation of microbiota research. In addition, current trends in microbiota research in different livestock
(specifically ruminants, pig and poultry) have also been discussed.
The article has summarised the role of microbiota as “the most prominent and well-known roles include control of fat storage and weight gain, gut barrier defence, breaking down complex nutrients, development and training of the immune system, biosynthesis of vitamins and amino acids, communication with the nervous system, pathogen exclusion and control, mood, behaviour and food craving influence, short-chain fatty acid production and much more”. Moreover, microbiota play specific roles during production stress such as heat stress, stress during transport, stress due to disease etc.
The article emphasized that “the microbiota investigation is now a highly regarded methodology that solidified its role in livestock health and welfare research; however, the levels of complexity of each individual step, taken from animal trial to data analysis, need to be thoroughly understood and addressed.” The review has discussed how highly variable nature of microbiota population between animals and different gut sections, choice of marker genes and their specific regions and PCR primers affect the microbiota research. Similarly, the article has also highlighted the challenges in designing the microbiota research and selecting the right method and tools to analyse the data. The paper has affirmed that “regardless of the immense advancements in computational analysis tools, many factors in data analysis introduce biases and errors.”
The paper has concluded that “Despite some methodology
shortfalls, microbiome research is far from slowing down, and a trend of
shifting the focus towards animal and environmental welfare rather than
productivity is emerging.”
The article can be accessed by clicking the article title
below:
The role of microbiota in animal health and productivity: misinterpretations and limitations
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The review emphasizes the importance of microbiota in animal well-being and productivity, highlighting the intricacies and constraints of analyzing and interpreting microbiota research. It underscores the necessity of comprehending the methodology and hurdles associated with studying microbiota while acknowledging the growing emphasis on animal and environmental welfare in microbiome research, moving beyond mere productivity. If you require assistance with nursing dissertation topics or any other queries, feel free to let me know.
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