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World Development Report 2013 - Highlights



The World Bank has recently published its regular publication "The World Development Report 2013". This year the report has been published with the theme "JOB". The report has highlighted the importance of job in development process. Some interesting numerical facts highlighted by the report are as below.
·   
  • 1.6 billion people working for a wage or a salary
  • 1.5 billion people working in farming and self-employment
  • 77% labor force participation by women in Vietnam
  • 28% labor force participation by women in Pakistan
  • 39% of manufacturing jobs are in micro-enterprises in Chile
  • 97% of manufacturing jobs are in micro-enterprises in Ethiopia
  • Double employment growth in a firm in Mexico over 35 years
  • 10 times employment growth in a firm in the United States over 35 years
  • 115 million children working in hazardous conditions
  • 21 million victims of forced labor
  • 600 million jobs needed over 15 years to keep current employment rates
  • 90 million people working abroad
  • 621 million youth neither working nor studying
  • 22 times -  the productivity gap between manufacturing firms in the 90th and 10th percentiles in India
  • 9 times - the productivity gap between manufacturing firms in the 90th and 10th percentiles in the United States
  • 10 million entrants to the labor force per year in Sub-Saharan Africa
  • 30 million post-secondary students in China
  • 3%  international migrants as a share of the world population
  • 60% foreign-born population in Kuwait, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates.  



Major highlights of "The World Development Report 2013"

Jobs are transformational



  


















Jobs account for much of the decline in extreme poverty


Jobs provide higher earnings and benefits as countries grow





















 Jobs are the means to take the poor out of poverty especially in developing countries
























 The individual and social values of jobs can differ



















 Jobs are the most important source of household income 




















 Job security is more important than the salary scale to the workers 


































 Some job policies may be beneficial to other countries while some may be harmful too 



























Simultaneous Job creation and destruction is the normal phenomenon in all economies 


































Working hours vary across the ages and also differs according to countries 


























Labor regulation may not be the biggest obstacle to formalization 

   Larger firms pay higher wages 


































Gender and father's education are two major factors responsible for creating inequality of opportunity in access to jobs 























Life satisfaction is lower among farmers and the unemployed 































Manufacturing jobs are decreasing in high-income countries and increasing in low-income countries 


































People with motivating jobs trust and participate more 


































Not all jobs provide social identity, networks, or a sense of fairness 



















Views on preferred jobs and the most important jobs are different according to region/country 































People who are unemployed trust and participate less 

































Some jobs do more for development 



























Among youth, unemployment is not always the issue 


































Women spend more time in activities not directly generating income 
























Jobs demobilizing combatants, reintegrating displaced populations, providing alternatives to confrontation are good jobs for development in conflict-affected Political countries while more-productive smallholder farming and urban jobs connected to global markets are good jobs for development in the countries with agrarian economy 
























Workplace training is more effective than in-class training for success of the programs. Combining in-class and workplace training is the most effective 































Proportion of nonwage employment to total employment is higher in Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, Pacific and South Asia, Middle East and North Africa as compared to that in Europe, Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean (i.e. all jobs doesn't come with wage) 



















China, Republic of Korea and Japan are the countries with highest growth rate of crop yield while Sub-Saharan African countries have the lowest growth rate of crop yield 


















Access to finance and power shortage are among the top constraints faced by private sectors 














If there were no green revolution, poverty would have remained higher in agrarian economies 




















Foreign investment can increase domestic productivity due to knowledge spillovers 


































Labor reallocation across sectors was a driver of productivity growth in East Asia 


































Skills have become a major constraint to business 



















Slovenia is the country with highest percentage (≈ 90%) of workers with collective bargaining power while workers in Philippines have the lowest collective bargaining power ( 2%). Philippines, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada,  Hungary, Poland etc. are the countries in which workers have less bargaining power while  Slovenia, Austria, Belgium, Sweden , France, Finland, Iceland, Netherlands, Spain, Denmark etc. are the countries with high collective bargaining power with workers 





















Political instability and inadequate power supply are the major constraints in business in conflict-affected countries 


























Newer organizations are more likely to be engaged in innovative activities than old ones 




















Tomorrow's successful entrepreneurs are those who are self employed today 

 


Comments

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    ReplyDelete
  2. World Population approx 9 billion... how did you get the

    "16 billion people working for a wage or a salary"

    it's 1.6 billion ... also, other silly mistakes

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Thanks for pointing out inadvertent error. Now corrected.

      Delete

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